Cardiogen (Bioregulator)

Research Overview

1. Structure and Molecular Characteristics

Cardiogen is a synthetic peptide composed of four amino acids: alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine. Its molecular formula is C₁₈H₃₁N₇O₉, with a molecular weight of 489.49 g/mol [1]. Classified as a polar tetrapeptide, Cardiogen exhibits high solubility in aqueous environments, enabling its use in diverse experimental models. Unlike individual amino acids, the peptide demonstrates enhanced stability and cell-penetrating potential, supporting research into tissue-specific regulation [1].

2. Cardiovascular Research

Studies in organotypic rat heart cultures indicate that Cardiogen supports cardiomyocyte proliferation while reducing fibroblast-mediated extracellular matrix deposition [2]. Experimental models also show that Cardiogen downregulates p53 activity, suggesting a role in modulating apoptosis signaling in myocardial tissues [3]. Importantly, research highlights that Cardiogen maintains its activity in both young and aged cardiac tissues, unlike individual amino acids, which show diminished effects in senescent models [2]. These findings position Cardiogen as a candidate for ongoing investigations into cardiac regeneration and age-related myocardial function.

3. Oncology Research

In senescent rat models bearing M-1 sarcoma transplants, Cardiogen induced apoptotic signaling within tumor cells, disrupted vascular integrity, and promoted hemorrhagic necrosis in a dose-dependent manner [4]. These effects were not attributed to direct cytotoxicity, but rather to vascular network modulation, making Cardiogen a subject of research into tumor microenvironment regulation and growth inhibition [4].

4. Prostate and Fibroblast Research

Research into prostate fibroblasts shows that Cardiogen enhances the expression of regulatory molecules diminished by aging, including CXCL12, WEDC1, and ghrelin [5]. These proteins influence fibroblast differentiation and extracellular signaling, which are critical for tissue integrity. Findings suggest that Cardiogen may restore or support signaling pathways affected by senescence, making it relevant for studies in aging biology and fibroblast regulation [5].

5. Molecular and Gene Expression Studies

Cardiogen has been shown to modulate structural proteins such as actin, vimentin, tubulin, and lamins A/C [6]. These proteins are vital for cytoskeletal organization and nuclear integrity. Additional research has identified changes in gene expression linked to mitochondrial metabolism, myocardial contractility, and oxidative stress responses [6]. Such regulatory effects make Cardiogen valuable for systems biology approaches in peptide-mediated gene regulation.

Referenced Citations

1. PubChem. Cardiogen. CID 11583989. PubChem
2. Khavinson VKh, et al. Tetrapeptide regulation of cardiomyocyte and fibroblast activity in rat heart cultures. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002. PubMed
3. Khavinson VKh, et al. Short peptides regulate gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003. PubMed
4. Khavinson VKh, et al. Peptide Cardiogen inhibits tumor growth in aged rats with M-1 sarcoma. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2010. PubMed
5. Khavinson VKh, et al. Regulation of fibroblast differentiation factors by tetrapeptide Cardiogen. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2005. PubMed
6. Khavinson VKh, et al. Cardiogen and gene expression in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2006. PubMed

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