HMG

What is Human Menopausal Gonadotropin?

HMG consists of a 1:1 or variable ratio of FSH and LH, mimicking endogenous gonadotropins. FSH promotes ovarian follicle growth and spermatogenesis, while LH supports ovulation and testosterone synthesis. The dual-hormone structure of HMG allows it to replicate natural reproductive hormone signaling, making it valuable for in vitro reproductive studies [2].

Molecular Composition

• Components: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• Source: Urine of postmenopausal women

HMG is standardized for consistent biological activity and is widely studied in reproductive biology for its hormonal synergy [3].

HMG Research

1. Ovarian Follicular Development

HMG is frequently used in research to induce follicular development in ovarian tissue. Studies have shown that it stimulates the growth of multiple follicles in vitro, facilitating the study of hormonal control in folliculogenesis. This dual stimulation by FSH and LH is essential for recruiting and maturing follicles [4].

2. Ovulation Induction

HMG has been used to mimic the natural hormonal surge that induces ovulation. In research models simulating anovulation, HMG successfully triggered ovulatory responses, providing insight into fertility regulation and hormonal imbalances [5].

3. Male Infertility and Spermatogenesis

HMG has demonstrated the ability to stimulate spermatogenesis in research involving male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. It has been shown to increase sperm count and testicular volume in these models, making it useful in studies on male fertility [6].

4. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)

HMG plays a central role in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols in assisted reproductive technologies. It has been studied for optimizing oocyte yield and quality in IVF cycles. Researchers have found it particularly useful for simulating physiological hormonal conditions [7].

5. Comparison to Recombinant Gonadotropins

Several comparative studies have evaluated the effectiveness of HMG versus recombinant FSH or LH. HMG is often preferred in research for its more natural hormone profile, which may offer advantages in certain tissue models due to the presence of both FSH and LH [8].

Referenced Citations

1. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Gonadotropin preparations: past, present, and future perspectives. Fertil Steril. 2008. PMID: 19007643
2. Balen A.H. et al. Current concepts in ovulation induction. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2005. PMID: 16232025
3. Wechowski J. et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of urinary vs recombinant gonadotropins. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2007. PMID: 17640378
4. Macklon N.S. et al. Conception to ongoing pregnancy: the ‘black box’ of early pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod Update. 2002. PMID: 12498424
5. Balasch J. et al. Ovulation induction with HMG in anovulatory women. Fertil Steril. 2001. PMID: 11591408
6. Liu L. et al. Human menopausal gonadotropin for male infertility: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2013. PMID: 24314355
7. Fauser B.C. et al. Controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF: practice guidelines. Hum Reprod. 2005. PMID: 15618245
8. Daya S. et al. HMG versus recombinant gonadotropins in ART cycles. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000. PMID: 10796458

Disclaimer

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. THIS PRODUCT IS INTENDED FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.