Thymulin (Bioregulator)

Thymulin is a zinc-dependent nonapeptide hormone (H-Pyr-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn-OH) secreted by thymic epithelial cells. It supports T-cell differentiation, modulates immune and neuroendocrine signaling, exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and interacts with the hypothalamus–pituitary axis in research contexts.[1]

Research Applications

1. Immunomodulation & T-Cell Differentiation

Thymulin is widely used to study immune system development, thymic function, and age-related immunosenescence. It provides a reliable model for exploring T-cell maturation and thymic decline.[4]

2. Neuroendocrine Signaling

Its circadian secretion pattern and bidirectional influence on the hypothalamus–pituitary axis make thymulin central to neuroimmunology research.[5]

3. Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Investigations

Thymulin and PAT exhibit potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in CNS research, often surpassing conventional drugs in potency at low doses. They act by reducing cytokine expression and restoring astrocyte balance via NF-κB modulation.[6]

4. Age-Related Immune Decline & Anorexia Nervosa

Reduced circulating thymulin has been documented in conditions such as anorexia nervosa and thymic involution with aging, positioning it as a biomarker in immunology and aging studies.[7]

Referenced Citations

1. PubChem. Thymulin compound summary
2. ScienceDirect Topics – Thymulin (Pharmacology & Toxicology)
3. ScienceDirect Topics – Thymulin (Medicine & Dentistry)
4. PubChem. Thymulin: thymic peptide and T-cell differentiation
5. Wikipedia – Thymulin
6. ResearchGate – Role of Thymulin or Its Analogue as a New Analgesic Molecule (Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2006)
7. Wikipedia – Thymulin (clinical associations)

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